The Ebola Virus Essays - Ebola, Animal Virology, Biological Weapons

The Ebola Virus Essays - Ebola, Animal Virology, Biological Weapons The Ebola Virus By: Wesley Mark Whitworth Ebola is an extremely deadly virus in our society today. Some even claim that is the most deadly ever discovered. Ebola is a member of the filoviruses (a family of RNA-BASED viruses). Filoviruses get their name from their peculiar shape. They appear to be long threads or filaments (henceforth the name filoviruses) *See attached photo. This virus was discovered in 1976 in Zaire, Africa and in Western Sudan, Africa. During the first outbreak there were approximately 550 cases leading to 340 deaths. Three years after the first outbreak, a smaller outbreak took place in Sudan, Africa. This outbreak was much smaller though, with only 34 cases and 22 deaths. The cause of this virus is still unknown. All that they really know is that the whole simian genus is susceptible to this disease (that includes most all members of the ape, chimpanzee, and various other monkey families). It can be carried though, through rodents (mice, rats, etc.), insects (mosquitoes, ticks, lice, etc.), and parasit es (small bacteria). This disease is classified as a viral hemorrhagic fever. That means that the disease has very distinct qualities. Ebola starts out as muscle aches, light fever, and your basic flu symptoms. Ebola then progresses to respiratory problems, server bleeding of most all of the bodies orifices, kidney problems, and then death. Basic symptoms include: fever, headaches, muscle aches, sore throat, loss of appetite, diarrhea, and your other common flu symptoms. Ebola symptoms usually begin within three to sixteen days after initial contact. Although most cases result in death, it sometimes may appear as just a light flu. It is very contagious. Ebola can be spread by the aforementioned animals, or by personal contact. It also can be spread through sexual contact (even after recovery for a short period). Doctors can detect this virus in much the same manner as they detect tuberculosis. They check for antigens already present in the body or they can take a throat culture and detect it. Contracting the disease in the United States is highly unlikely though. The only people who are even put at risk are those that visit Zaire or come in contact with people who do. The United States as well as the Zaire government both have strict quarantine policies involving the disease. Anyone who wishes to find out more about precautions and measures that must be taken if visiting Zaire, you may contact the U.S. State Department at 202-647-5225. They have all the travel information and requirements you need to get into and out of the country.

What Should You Do If You Have a C Average GPA

What Should You Do If You Have a C Average GPA SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If your grades have been on the lower side in high school, you might be wondering what steps you can take to improve your situation before you appy to college. With a C average, you may run into some trouble in the application process, so you should start taking measures to mitigate these problems now. In this article, I'll go over what a C average means for you and how you can make smart changes to your academic strategies to end up with better prospects for college. What’s a C Average GPA, and How Will It Affect Your Chances for College? If you have a C average, your GPA is a 2.0.This is significantly below the average for high school students, which is a 3.0 or a B average.A GPA that's this low will put you in jeopardy when it comes to college admissions.There are only a couple of schools where your current GPA would make you a competitive applicant. If you’re still an underclassman, you may be able to improve your grades enough to have a better chance at college by the time you apply to college your senior year.If you’re an upperclassman, you're in a more difficult position, but don’t freak out yet!There are a couple of measures you can take to mitigate the impact of a low GPA on your admissions prospects.In the next section, I’ll go over different ways you can improve your chances of college admission based on where you are in your high school career. How Can You Improve Your Chances for College Admission With a C Average GPA? As a freshman or sophomore, there are steps you can take to end up with a better GPA by the time you apply to college.Here are some tips that may get you on the right track: Ask for Extra Help and Extra Credit You need to be proactive about getting help if you’re stuck at a C average. If you’re struggling in any of your classes, let your teacher know as soon as possible.Most teachers will be happy to answer any questions you have about the subject and explain things in a way that’s easier for you to understand. It can be helpful to prepare a list of questions that you have or problems you'd like to go over before you meet with your teacher. This way, you'll be getting the most out of the session. Sometimes all it takes is a slightly different explanation to give you that flash of total understanding.If you clear up these comprehension issues as soon as they emerge, you will do better on tests later. Extra credit is another avenue to consider if you're hoping to improve your grades dramatically. Of course, not all teachers offer extra credit, but if you have the opportunity to earn it, don't hesitate! Even if you don't think you can get extra credit on an assignment, you should ask your teacher about it. I know this feels like you're sucking up, but it will end up being worth it if you can improve your grade by a significant number of points. Learn More Effective Study Habits With a C average, you almost certainly have some fundamental problems in your study methods. It’s important that you’re getting the most out of the time you spend studying.If you’re just reading over the material you need to know, you might not be retaining it in your mind.When you read something over, look away and repeat it to yourself in your head before moving on to make sure you really know it.You should also ask a friend, parent, or sibling to test you after every study session to verify that you’ve learned the information. You may need to extend your study time significantly in order to ensure that you have solid knowledge of the material. In your position, you should also avoid cramming for tests. For a big test, plan out your studying a week in advance so that you can study for an hour a night rather than five hours the night before. You’re more likely to retain information if you learn it gradually over time rather than trying to stuff it in your brain all at once.This will lead to much less stress on test days. Don't try to fit too many knowledge apples in your short term memory basket at once. Some of them are going to fall out! If you fill up the basket gradually, you will digest some of the apples and store them in your deeper long term memory. You'll end up with a manageable basket by the time the test comes around. Avoid Procrastination and Stay Organized As a student with a low GPA, procrastination is your worst enemy.If you have a long-term assignment that’s due in a month or two, you should make a timeline for when you need to finish different components of the project.Aim to complete the most time-consuming parts of the project a week in advance of the due date.This way, you’ll have time to polish your work before you turn it in. You'll also have time to read and reread the directions to ensure that you've included all the right components and have finished them to the best of your ability. An â€Å"editing phase† like this can be the difference between a C quality project and a B or even A quality project. It's also important that you develop strong overall organizational skills so you can stay on top of both short and long term assignments. Make sure that you always mark the start of a new unit in your notebooks so you can easily refer back to the material when you study for tests. You should also have a folder for each class where you can store important papers. Don't just throw them into your backpack and expect to find them later (trust me, I've been there). Get into the habit of writing down your assignments every night in an agenda book so you don't forget about anything. Even if you don't have homework for a certain class, write down anything that you could do to prepare for future assessments. For example, you might decide to review what you've learned over the past week in your math class if you haven't been assigned any problem sets for one night. Extra math!!!!! Woohooooooo!!! Pay Close Attention in Class Being mentally present in your classes is critical if you want to improve your grades. If you listen to your teacher’s lectures and ask questions when you don’t understand something, you will have a much easier time studying for tests later.You’ll find that you already know some of the material just by following along diligently in class. To facilitate this behavior, you should avoid looking at your phone or getting sidetracked by other distractions. The best way to force yourself to commit to this is to sit near the front of the class so you're always held accountable by the teacher. You should shut off your phone in class (or better yet, don't bring it with you at all) so that you're not tempted to check it. For more advice, read my article on how to raise your GPA in high school.Even if you only manage to raise your GPA slightly (say, up to a 2.5 instead of a 2.0), you’ll be a competitive applicant at many more colleges.Don’t let your GPA slip any further! A 2.0 is essentially the lowest high school GPA you can have if you hope to attend a four year college.If you drop down to a 1.8, you won’t be up to the minimum GPA standards at any schools.I only say this to motivate you; as an underclassman you still have time to do much better in your classes if you put in some serious effort! Time to get as serious as this serious(ly cute) cat. If you’re a junior or senior, you unfortunately don’t have much time left to improve your grades.In this case, you should focus on other aspects of your application that can have a positive impact on your chances of admission. Here are some measures you can take to give yourself the best shot at attending college: Work on Improving Your Standardized Test Scores Your SAT and ACT scores will play a significant part in most admissions decisions. At many schools, test scores are given relatively equal weight to GPA in the admissions process.This means that you can greatly improve your chances of attending a four year college if you raise your scores.We have written a ton of articles on our blog about strategies for improving your scores on both the SAT and the ACT.Please use them as a resource! Write a GreatCollege Essay Your college essay is a chance for you to showcase what makes you unique as a student and as a person.Colleges are looking for high achieving students, but they’re also looking for students who will bring enthusiasm and passion for both academic subjects and extracurricular activities to their campuses.Think about the ways in which you will make a positive contribution to the community in college.What makes you special? What are you enthusiastic about?This is information that can help you to stand out in the pool of applicants despite a low GPA. What makes you unique? Try to write an essay that will help you to stand out from the crowd. What Are Your Options for College If Your Grades Don’t Change? With a GPA that’s this low, you will have trouble getting into most colleges.Like I said in the previous section, raising your test scores and writing a great essay can help your chances.However, you’ll still only be looking at the least selective schools. If you still have a shot at raising your GPA, you should start working towards that goal sooner rather than later! You also have the option of going to a community college for your first year of undergrad and then transferring out to a more selective four year college.This can be a really great option if you have a low GPA in high school, but you have to be willing to work hard during your first year of college.If you can commit to that and to going through the transfer application process, this approach will save you tuition money, AND you will end up with a degree from a more competitive college that might not have accepted you right out of high school. Conclusion If you have a C average in high school, you may have a tough time getting into college.A C average translates into a 2.0 GPA, which is far below the national average of a 3.0 for high school students.If you’re a freshman or sophomore, you still have time left to raise your GPA before you apply to college.It’s important that you start adopting better study habits as soon as possible. If you take initiative, you may be able to improve your grades significantly and have a much better chance at attending a four year college. If you’re a junior or senior, it might be too late to raise your GPA. In this case, you should work on improving your standardized test scores and writing the best application essays possible.In the end, if you’re stuck with a C average, you can try applying to some of the least selective four-year colleges or go to community college for your first year of undergrad and then transfer to a more competitive school. Even though your grades are lower than average, you still have a shot at obtaining a good college education.You may be able to make changes before you apply that will dramatically improve your chances of admission.Don’t get discouraged! What's Next? If you're working on improving your standardized test scores, read these articles to learn some great study strategies for SAT Reading, Math, and Writing. Wondering how much a significant improvement in your grades next year impact your chances for college? Find out which year of high school is most important to colleges in assessing your academic performance. If you're still working on planning out your schedule for the rest of high school, this guide will help you figure out the best way to navigate those decisions. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points or your ACT score by 4 points? We've written a guide for each test about the top 5 strategies you must be using to have a shot at improving your score. Download it for free now:

How does the portable smart phones or computers make easy for doctors Essay

How does the portable smart phones or computers make easy for doctors to not be on the sceen but still assist nurses, EMT's, etc - Essay Example Boone 13). Through technological advancement, the treatment may be conducted through communication being that some of the required treatment gadgets are available within the health centre. Through online doctoral services surgical operations maybe done by the doctor online or the instructions maybe received through online services being that the nurse may not be able to withhold all the instructions that maybe given through online calls (Chayko 18). Through the introduction of PDA, I phones, 3 & 4 G devices an online doctor should be able to give I instruction to the nurse being that this is the same procedure that the nurse assists the doctor to perform (Wang 04). Education Through smart phones and computers doctors are able to carry out online trainings on how to handle specific procedure within the health institutions so that there would be reduction in number of doctors within the health centers at the same time while there are other patients suffering in different places over th e world. Due to clarity of pictures and sound, the doctors can accurately convey treatment information within the shortest time possible so that immediate action be taken to salvage the patient’s health status that could have worsen leading to more complications (Gary B. Shelly 34). Early treatment is better regardless of how scary it maybe, doctors believe in performing first aid before hospitalizing any patient who sufferers from accidents and severe injuries which are likely to lead to blood wastage which could lead to instant death. In the five forces model representing the operations in a health centre, we consider utilizing the buyer branch of the model in order to compare the Monash health centre to other health centers in connection with the use of smart phones and computer in distance diagnostics (Karl Barksdale 38). In order to outdo the competitors in the medical field, Health centre has involved the services of virtual doctors who are cheap compared to hiring a do ctor to come to the hospital. However, in order to perfectly test the online services, it happened by coincidence that the qualified doctor in the specified field was away, being that we had anticipated such situations; the doctor was contacted through phone (Gary B. Shelly 42). The challenge that our competitors in the medical field are not able to catch up with is the purchasing of online communication and diagnostic gadgets that are able to encored information, process and decode the output in then language that a doctor can understand. This has greatly helped the company despite the high cost involved in purchasing the gadget (Chayko 20). Smart gadgets Through availability of wireless network cards doctors are able to communicate with the nurses through both voice and data so as to elaborate the procedure well that the interpreter may not forget about the information that is sent both through voice and data. Through submission of both online movies and book reviews. The video ch art programs are well illustrated to ascertain that the information to be conveyed (Louis E. Boone 49). Through the clear pictures it would be possible to sit as we wait so that water drains out of the labella that had battery. The reason behind the preference of computers and smart phones is that they have a lot of good pictures and audio sounds. Through the involvement of smart phones and computer is also influenced by the quality of information being conveyed

Environmental Service Project Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Environmental Service Project - Essay Example There are doing this as a way of starting a new community of the plants in different locations in the park. All these activities lead towards restoring the park by creating a complete new phase that ensures environment conservation. It was on a Sunday morning when I and my other five friends visited Lewis Park not to admire its beauty but on a volunteer service. We were not the only volunteers in the park as there were others who had also come to offer their services. The team leader divided the entire group into two smaller groups for easy management and work accomplishment. The first group was to shovel the dirt that there was on the ground. I joined the second group that had to work on several tasks. Since one of the activities at the park was trimming back plants and relocating them, we were supposed to pick up the branches from the ground (Green Seattle Partnership, 2015). You will agree that a place looks messy with branches of trees all over. We had to pick up the branches from the ground so as to make the environment look clean and smart. Some branches can be dangerous to human beings using that surrounding as they could cause injuries due to pricking. I know a friend who got infected because of getting injured by a cedar tree branch and had to undergo treatment. We were, therefore, making the environment safe for use by all the users in the park. Our group also had to rake the leaves and other small branches that we could not easily pick up with our hands. The importance of the activity was to ensure that we clear the ground entirely so as to prevent sprouting of weeds that could affect the plants. After raking the leaves and the small branches, we had to put them into a pail to make it easy for transportation. We were required to pour the leaves and branches down the hill where preservation would take place for future use as manure on the farm. It was quite

Poverty and Social Stratification Essay Example for Free

Poverty and Social Stratification Essay Absolute poverty corresponds to the situation wherein the individual person cannot survive or live due to lack of basic needs or resources such as food, water, clothes, medicines and the likes. On the other hand, Relative Poverty is the situation wherein the person could not satisfy his personal wants but this does not imply that the person is not going to survive. Social Stratification simply denotes the systems of layers and/or divisions made in the society that shall reflect their relative poverty or wealth. It is not focus in the individual person but instead refer to a larger group of people. The different kinds of Social Stratification are class systems, caste system and slavery systems. Today a so-called Global Stratification exist that categorizes each country according to their economy, population and wealth or national income. The most industrialized countries relatively are the wealthiest, their economy are mostly capitalist. The industrializing or otherwise known as developing countries have much lower standard of living and income than the industrialized. The least industrialized countries are the most poverty stricken. It includes majority of the South East Asian, Latin America and most of Africa. Most analyst believes that the economic growth of a country lies on raising the social standing of women, because in most industrialized countries women are given equal opportunity like men while in the least industrialized countries women are commonly regarded to have lower social status and capabilities than men. Uplifting the standing of men in a society would generally increase the labor force. Educating women would create women who are as much competitive as that of men. This type of women would be able to compete with men in a capitalist setting. Only when there is an equal treatment between men and women could a society fruitfully developed. Otherwise, women would be stagnant part of the economic system. The more players there are in an economic system the faster is the economic progress since there are more participants. References Relative and Absolute Poverty. Retrieved on November 9, 2006. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://www. qvctc. commnet. edu/brian/soc/sld027. htm Global Social Stratification. Retrieved on November 9, 2007. Retrieved from the World Wide Web: http://72. 14. 253. 104/search? q=cache:jmq-xfTAm0UJ:www. ilstu. edu/~jeweinz/soc106/notes/ch7notes. doc+global+social+stratificationhl=tlct=clnkcd=1gl=ph

The Effects of Reagan and Bush’s Policies in El Essay -- Foreign Polic

The Effects of Reagan and Bush’s Policies in El Salvador and Iraq United States foreign policy, since the Cold War, has been driven by ideology: good versus evil, capitalism versus communism, and democracy versus totalitarianism. America’s foreign policy objective from 1945 to 1991 was to contain communism, prompting Cold War calculus – the enemy of your enemy is your friend. The United States, following Cold War calculus, allied with unscrupulous leaders opposed to communism, like the Somoza dynasty in Nicaragua, the Reza Shahs in Iran, the dictator Franco in Spain, and the elite in El Salvador. Reagan’s belief that the Soviet Union was the Evil Empire committed him to support the brutal military regime in El Salvador, which he justified as protecting national security. Since September 11, the new American enemy is terrorism. To eliminate terrorist organizations, Bush has invaded Afghanistan and Iran. Bush has continued the precedent of ideology-induced foreign policy by justifying the invasions as introducing civilizati on to the primitive Middle East and simultaneously protecting American interests. Bush, like Reagan, has intertwined ideology with national security. Reagan’s intervention in El Salvador was driven by ideology, but was justified as protecting national security, whereas Bush’s invasion of Iraq was prompted by national defense, but was promoted as American ideology. Defending National Security The United States justified its involvement in El Salvador as protecting American national security, a notion fueled by anti-communist ideology. Reagan believed the FMLN (Farabundo Marti Front for National Liberation), the radical leftist guerilla insurgency in El Salvador, threatened the U... ...31-5.html November 17, 2003. [6] â€Å"September 7, 2003 President Addresses the Nation† http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/10/20031031-5.html. November 17, 2003 [7] â€Å"National Security Advisor Dr. Rice Remarks to National Legal Center† http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/10/20031031-5.html November 17, 2003. [8] â€Å"Missing Weapons Of Mass Destruction: Is Lying About The Reason For War An Impeachable Offense?† John W. Dean. http://writ.news.findlaw.com/dean/20030606.html November 5, 2003. [9] 160 [10] National Security Advisor Dr. Rice Remarks to National Legal Center† http://www.whitehouse.gov/news/releases/2003/10/20031031-5.html November 17, 2003. [11]â€Å"Iraq Democracy Watch: Report # 1 on the Situation in Iraq.† The Iraq Foundation. http://www.iraqfoundation.org/news/2003/isept/26_democracy_watch.html. November 5, 2003.

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Speech

Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart Hello and thank you all for coming! Today, we are here to commemorate the man, or Genius rather, who goes by the name of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. At the early age of four, he could learn a piece of music in a mere thirty minutes. At six years old, he began writing his first symphonies. Oh, the joy I would have if I could just sit and talk with him about his passion for music. We would talk about how he structures his compositions or about how easy he thought it was to compose a piece of music in only a short amount of time.Mozart’s mind is almost magical in my eyes. The precision he put into every one of his symphonies and operas emulates the passion he must have felt for his work. Of course it goes with out mention that he had his struggles every now and then, especially with matters of money. But through it all, he still managed to bring the world a wide array of music, which we can honestly say has defined a major portion of the â€Å"classical† period of music. Many composers that followed him sought to emulate his style, but it seems to me that there was no one greater than Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart.As a classically trained opera singer, I have experienced the joy and struggle that accompanies any Mozart compilation. As I began learning his work, I was able to step into the shoes of one of Mozart’s opera singers. I imagined him encouraging my progress and watching my every achievement. Having learned many of his operas, I wondered how many he actually wrote in his life and what went into making them. I also thought of how his work had affected my life and the life of others.And, because of this my friends, I am here today to show you why Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart deserves a day of recognition for what he has given us, and to immortalize his life and works, and for his influence in my life. His operas are enchanting and unforgettable, but more importantly, the admiration I gained from learning his operas throughout m y life has given me a greater respect for the love of classical music. Mozart had many followers of his talented music, and of course, as he traveled for work, he had to accommodate to them.He composed many operas in German, Latin, and Italian. The traveling started when he was young. At only seven years old, his father would take him and his sister on tour across Europe, which gave him the chance to perform and to absorb many different styles of music. Since Wolfgang was a fast learner, he was quick to acknowledge the many musical idioms he had learned and that in turn helped him setup his own style of music. When he began freelancing his music, he sparked a great interest among people because they had never experienced the â€Å"Mozart† way of music.If he hadn’t embarked on his own path of self-fulfillment, I wouldn’t be here talking with you today. You see, Mozart had a passion and he built on that and was able to watch it grow. His actions have helped me kee p my love for music growing. Like Mozart, there are times that I struggle with the music, but it’s the passion and perseverance inside of me that pushes me forward. Because of my endeavors and accomplishments with Mozart’s operas, I was able to cultivate a new view on life. There is courage in me that I have gained from overcoming the difficulties of his works.I have an enormous amount of respect for real music because I know how much time and talent goes into it. Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart has shown me, through his works, that I can achieve great things and that I can over come difficulties. There is a way to share with others the joy and strength he has given me, and that is to dedicate a day of celebration in his name. I am proud to honor Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart by proclaiming that January 21st is national Mozart day. This day will not only commemorate the day he was born, but it will also memorialize the history of his life.In celebration there will be chances for you to learn more about the famous composer. Historians will share with you the stories of his life, orchestras and operas will preform for you his many challenging masterpieces, and musicians everywhere will have a chance to be recognized for all the hard work and dedication they put into sharing the gift of music. A banquet held for them will provide the opportunity to learn and share all the unique aspects of music each musician can share with the world.This day will help us to set our goals high, and like Mozart, we will achieve greatness. No one will ever have the misfortune of not knowing who Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart is and what he has blessed us with. Joy and relaxation will run through the veins of listeners as radio stations spread the beauty that his music provides. Mozart’s life was built around music. He was preforming almost his whole life, and even though that is true, most of us wish he could give us more.There are many works of music out there that have been writt en by Mozart but there are many more pieces of music that have been written and shaped by the influence he has bestowed upon the world. His love for music has shown me how much I can achieve just by pursuing the hard to reach goals. As we celebrate his life, may we take advantage of the joy Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart can bring to each of our lives. But remember, Mozart was truly gifted and was recognized for it at an early age. You can encourage your children to get involved with music. You never know, what if they become the next â€Å"Mozart! † Thank you

Mother to Son and the Coora Flower: a Poetry Analysis

Mother to Son and The Coora Flower: A Poetry Analysis In poetry, more so than any other form of literature, understanding sound, meaning and theme are key to understanding the work itself. In the case of the poems â€Å"Mother to Son† by Langston Hughes and â€Å"The Coora Flower† by Gwendolyn Brooks these elements, when heavily focused upon, allow the reader to discover the message that these writers were attempting to convey.Thought both writers use these elements to their fullest to communicate their respective messages, the method and messages vary greatly. In the poem Mother to Son, Hughes tells the tale of a mother speaking to her son about life and the hardships that one must face to make it in the world. Hughes uses extended metaphor to establish this view. In the second line he writes â€Å"Life for me ain’t been no crystal stair†, which initiates the metaphor.He then proceeds to describe the stair of her life. With the lines, â€Å"It’s h ad tacks in it, and splinters, and boards torn up, and places with no carpet on the floor†¦Ã¢â‚¬  he support the mothers claim that like has not been a crystal stair case by using the metaphor to make a direct comparison between imperfections in the staircase and the pitfalls in life. He continues on with the line â€Å"bare† symbolizing rock bottom, nothingness, the absence of value.Then poem then begins to rise in action to signify the continued climb and the need to continue on, which is seen in the following lines; â€Å"I’se been a-climbin’ on,/ and reachin’ landin’s,/ and turnin’ corners,/ and sometimes goin’ in the dark†¦Ã¢â‚¬  the narrator states to the son once more that they still continue to climb and that life was easy for them. The language and the line structure chosen by Hughes help facilitate the message. He use very simple language but is able to invoke strong emotions from the reader.The language would p otentially lead the reader to believe that this is truly a simple woman who had to struggle everyday of her life to make it. If Hughes had used more formal language within the work I do believe the mood would have been lost. The use of â€Å"And† at the beginning of lines creates almost a stepping motion within the rhythm of the words. Lines four, five and six in conjunction with the use of â€Å"And† creates a feeling of stepping or maybe even falling down stairs. Each lines description gets progressively worse until there is nothing left, which signified having nothing left to lose.Then with lines ten, eleven and twelve the use of â€Å"And† creates the sense of climbing back up with the same speed at which you fell. Line twelve ends the climb in sound and creates a leveling off that coincides with the walk through the dark stated in the poem. This established a mood of cautiousness, feeling things are. I thought this was a perfect example of theme and sound c oming together to support meaning. I especially like the lines, â€Å"Don’t you set down on the steps. / ‘Cause you find it’s kinder hard. It shows that giving up isn’t an option; that quitting is the easy way out and that continuing to struggle on and fight is what’s really difficult. She asks no more of the son than she would ask of herself because she knows that it can be done, she was able to accomplish it herself. In Brooks’ poem The Coora Flower, she writes about escapism and reality. The poem starts off with the narrator telling the reader what she learned about and then we are snatched back into reality with the lines, â€Å"Now I am coming home. / This, at least, is Real, and what I know.The following stanzas construct the comparison between life in school which is the escape and the life outside which is reality; â€Å"It was restful, learning nothing necessary. / School is a tiny vacation. At least you can sleep†¦/ But now it’s Real Business. I am Coming Home. † And as we read on we discover that reality is harsh, cold, painful and unrelenting and that the other world is more optimistic, warm and liberated. â€Å"My mother will be screaming in an almost dirty dress. / The crack is gone. So a Man will be in the house. / I must watch myself. / I must not dare to sleep. These lines define reality within the poem. Brooks also relies heavily on nuances within the structure and language to establish the message. The stanzas that contain information about school are longer and articulate. The lines flow and are inviting. When the lines about reality are read they are short, cold and very deliberate; they give a sense of rigidity. The language is very direct and in some case demanding â€Å"I must†¦Ã¢â‚¬ . All stanzas about what’s â€Å"real† are two lines long while the ones that focus on school are four lines long. The statements toward school came off as being very cynica l to me. It was restful, learning nothing necessary†¦ At least you can sleep†, the use of â€Å"at least† in these lines and the line that follows are what created the cynicism for me. It seemed as if she didn’t respect what went on in school because it wasn’t the harshness of her everyday life. Capitalization is something that caught my attention. The word â€Å"Real† always has the first letter capitalized, which to me established a mood of seriousness within the statements that contained it. I feel this is true the second use of â€Å"Coming Home† and â€Å"Man† in line fourteen.The capitalization on these words was carefully chosen to continue facilitating the theme and meaning. There is one line in this poem that caught my attention and required me to reread repeatedly to get what she truly meant that line is â€Å"which is not free from grief†. At first I thought it was just in reference to the previous line â€Å"At least you can think of love or feeling your boy friend against you† but upon multiple readings I realized that this was in reference to the whole stanza. She’s hinting at the fact that even good things come with their element of heartache.I found that to be an interesting idea and it shows that the narrator may never be able to find peace, maybe she thrives on the hardship and anguish that comes with her life because that is all she knows. When the two works are placed side by side one would have a hard time make a connection between them. It is true that the differences between the works are great but elements exist in both; some minor, some major but all important. One could make the simple connection both individual were African- American doesn’t give them the respect they deserve.Also that connection would have to be made off historical references outside of the work because nothing in either work given you indication that they are African American. The conn ection that should be made is that the both wrote of adversity and hardship; that both used elements like structure, language, tone to convey their message but end the came out with very different view points. From a psychological perspective the reader can focus on the fact that in Hughes’ poem the adversity within it was deemed to be external to the one relationship shown.In the case of Brooks the adversity was internal to the shown relationship. In both situations the writers own their material, you get the sense that these works are true to life for both of them. But where Hughes’ work is empowering, Brooks’ work is saddening because you can’t see the light at the end of the tunnel for her narrator you just she the cold, harsh reality that is life, which was her intention. Her story was never meant to be uplifting it was meant to depress and sadden. Even in her few moments of joy, the narrator still could be happy because she knew at any moment it cou ld all end.Both writers are successful at establishing a mood and theme throughout there works. I believe if these writers had an opportunity to sit down with either they would see elements of themselves in the other. In one case the young and still hopefully individual and in the other harden and scared individual that the young may become. But in the end these are my interpretations and it up to you to make your own. That’s the wonderful part about poetry it’s different for everyone who reads it.

Economic Impact of London Luton Airport The WritePass Journal

Economic Impact of London Luton Airport Abstract Economic Impact of London Luton Airport ). This multiplier effect is an induced impact as it is a result of a supply chain creation within this community. This therefore extends to anyone within the up- or downward supply chain of these business enterprises and the employees thereof. This direct revenue income is a result of increased wages and salaries paid to employees, direct business expenditure, direct profits and revenue resulting from the multiplier effect (Halcrow, 2010). The most easily measurable economic impact of any airport is employment, as an airport provides a variety of different levels of employment opportunities. Employment exists on many different levels to a variety of stakeholders, including direct employment as a result of airport activities measured as 4,100 employees in 2011 (LLA, 2011), indirect employment, induced and related employment (TRB, 2008). The economic impact of increased employment opportunities through LLA extends to a wide-variety of stakeholders at various levels of business enterprise and across all sectors, including on- and off-site employment. The government or State is also a large beneficiary in terms of economic impact of LLA, as it receives income based on the business operations of the airport in the form of business and personal taxes paid (Halcrow, 2010). In addition to business taxes, enterprises are required to pay rates on their properties which provided an income of  £19.8mil in 2010 to the State. Air passenger tax also provides a source of income for the State as Civil Aviation Agency provides different passenger duty costs for different kinds of passengers. In 2010, the State received  £144mil revenue from air passenger tax (Halcrow, 2010). These are direct impacts as they would cease to exist if LLA no longer operated. It is evident therefore that LLA is a major generator of economic activity in the local area, providing significant opportunities for the expansion of current enterprise and the resultant employment and revenue opportunities that this provides, as well as a useful and important source of revenue for the central government. Direct, indirect and induced impacts of LLA are inclusive of a broad range of stakeholders providing important revenue generation and an overall increase in economic activity as a result of their operations. Airport Management Policies LLA is a publicly owned company with Airport Concessions Development Ltd. (ACDL) as the majority shareholder. ACDL owns and operates 47 other airports around the world and have extensive experience in airport management (LLA, 2013). It stands to reason therefore that the experience of managing policies for maximum economic impact implemented at LLA would be an extension of the knowledge and experience gained in the course of business. With rising fuel costs affecting the affordability of travel options, low-cost airlines have become increasingly prevalent with the adoption of a low-cost model whereby airlines negotiate significantly lower aeronautical charges with airports seeking to make up the shortfall in revenue with increased passenger volumes expected from offering lower-airline fees (Frances, et al., 2004). LLA has introduced three major low-cost airlines into their business model, namely easyJet, Ryanair and Wizz Air. Initially the aeronautical charges were given in a format whereby easyJet, as the principle low-cost airline, paid a reduced rate per passenger that came through the airport. However, when Barclays became a shareholder in LLA it was reported that the financial performance of the airport was adversely affected by this negotiation (Ibid). This was then adjusted so that the low-cost airlines qualified for the reduced aeronautical charges, where after the charges are reduced according to the pass enger volumes. In addition to the increase in passenger volumes through low-cost airline negotiation, there was a significant shift in management focus to increase the overall income per passenger and between 1995 and 2001, this was achieved through doubling the retail space in the LLA airport terminal (Ibid). This is a realisation by the marketing strategy of LLA that the majority of airport revenues are not generated by aeronautical charges (Castillo-Manzano, 2010). Jarach (2010; p.2) notes that the extent of the economic impact of an airport will be a result of factors such as the type of visitor (business or tourist), the type of scheduled service (international, domestic and long-haul flights), the magnitude and origin of charter operations, the relative isolation of the airport and the availability of other modes of transport. This highlights a shift in perspective of the airport as part of the air transport pipeline, rather than focusing on airlines as the primary customer of the airport, re venue generation is now concentrated on attracting retail customers (Jarach, 2001). Expectations as to the levels of income that can be expected through the support goods and services in the airport allows the airport to make accurate predictions on the income expected for the airport as an operation and to negotiate aeronautical charges based on these predictions (Frances, et al., 2004). As a result of the increased importance of concession revenue (resulting from commercial operations), revenue sharing arrangements are also becoming increasingly popular agreements between airports and airlines, although research indicates that often airports would rather replace the airline than enter into such agreements (Zhang, et al., 2010). The marketing strategy therefore of LLA has been redirected in recent years to ensure that concession revenues are increased, with reports that the reliance on low-cost airlines for the majority of passengers based on a reduced charge has had an adverse effect on the financial outlook of the airport (Frances, et al., 2004). The Financial Report of LLA (2012) for the end of 2011 indicated that the revenue from commercial activities and from aeronautical charges was relatively equal indicating that there is a large reliance on commercial activities to supplement the income of the airport itself (see table below). In addition, there is a continuous assessment and commitment by the management of the airport to improving facilities and providing additional services to the visitors on a consistent basis (LLA, 2011). Income Year Ended 31 December 2011 ( £ ,000) Year Ended 31 December 2010 ( £,000) Traffic Income 50,100 45,742 Commercial Income 49,679 45,287 Tenant Income 12,283 11,158 TOTAL 112,062 102,187 (LLA, 2012) Conclusion From the perspective of airport management therefore, the increase in revenue is the primary concern of commercial activities, with regards to both airline traffic revenue and concession revenue. The economic impact of the operations of the airport is an important priority for management, as privately owned airports, such as LLA are profit driven business enterprises. From the financial statement reflecting the revenue income of the airport, it is evident that there need be an increased emphasis on increasing the concession revenues of the airport. Commercial activities in an airport are essential to the financial success of the enterprise (Torres, et al., 2005) and have the potential to contribute to up to 90% of the total income of the airport ((Zhang Zhang, 1997). Currently, LLA is not maximising the potential of the commercial activities of the airport and therefore it is the recommendation of this report that the retail operations and services available at the airport be upgrad ed to allow for significantly more commercial revenue. This will have the impact of ensuring that the revenue of the airport is increased and that there is a greater direct income from these activities, as well as increased employment opportunities through the various direct, indirect and induced impact that this will have. The government income will also be increased according as there will be higher business and personal taxes payable.   Increasing the commercial operation of the airport will also necessitate a strategy to ensure greater traffic volumes in the airport terminal itself which can be achieved through the increased participation with airlines through offering revenue-sharing contracts to ensure that higher volumes of passengers are directed through the terminal rather than other neighbouring airports. References Airports Council International (2004) The economic and social impact of airports in Europe. York Aviation: ACI Europe. Castillo-Manzano, J. (2010) Determinants of commercial revenues at airports: Lessons learned from Spanish regional airports. Tourism Management, 31(6), pp. 788 – 796. CDM Smith (2012) The economic impact of commercial airports in 2010. Ohio: CDM Smith. Francis, G., Humphreys, I. Ison, S. (2004) Airports’ perspectives on the growth of low-cost airlines and the remodeling of the airport–airline relationship. Tourism Management, 25(4), pp. 507 – 514. Graham,A. (2008) Managing Airports (3rd ed.). Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. Halcrow (2011) Economic Impact of London Luton Airport. London: Halcrow Jarach, D. (2010) Airport Marketing: Strategies to Cope With the New Millennium Environment. Hampshire: Ashgate Publishing. Jarach, D. (2010) The evolution of airport management practices: towards a multi-point, multi-service, marketing-driven firm. Journal of Air Transport Management, 7(2,) pp. 119 – 125. London Luton (2012) Airport History. [online] Available on: london-luton.co.uk/en/content/8/226/ [Accessed 28 March 2013]. London Luton Airport Operations Ltd. (2012) Annual Reports and Accounts for the Year Ended 31 December 2011. London: LLA London Luton (2011) Annual Monitoring Report 2011. London: LLA Luton Borough Council Torres, E., Domà ­nguez, J., Valdà ©s, L. Aza, L. (2005) Passenger waiting time in an airport and expenditure carried out in the commercial area. Journal of Air Transport Management, 11, pp. 363–367. Transportation Research Board (2008) Airport Economic Impact Methods and Models. Airport Cooperative Research Program: Synthesis. Zhang, A. Zhang, Y. (1997) Concession revenue and optimal airport pricing. Transportation Research Part E: Logistics and Transportation Review, 33, pp. 287–296. Zhang, A., Fu, X. Yang, H. (2010) Revenue sharing with multiple airlines and airports. Transportation Research Part B: Methodological, 44(8–9), pp. 944 – 959.

Georges Guynemer - World War I Flying Ace

Georges Guynemer - World War I Flying Ace Georges Guynemer - Early Life: Born on December 24, 1894, Georges Guynemer was the son of a wealthy family from Compià ¨gne. A frail and sickly child, Guynemer was schooled at home until age fourteen when he was enrolled in the Lycà ©e de Compià ¨gne. A driven student, Guynemer was not adept at sports, but did show great proficiency at target shooting. Visiting the Panhard automotive factory as a child, he developed a keen interest in mechanics, though his true passion became aviation after flying for the first time in 1911. At school, he continued to excel and passed his exams with high honors in 1912. As in the past, his health soon began to fail, and Guynemers parents took him to the south of France to recover. By the time he had regained his strength, World War I had broken out. Immediately applying to the Aviation Militaire (French Air Service), Guynemer was rejected due to his health issues. Not to be deterred, he finally passed the medical examination on the fourth attempt after his father intervened on his behalf. Assigned to Pau as a mechanic on November 23, 1914, Guynemer routinely pressed his superiors to allow him to take flight training. Georges Guynemer - Taking Flight: Guynemers persistence finally paid off and he was sent to flight school in March 1915. While in training he was known for his dedication to mastering his aircrafts controls and instruments, as well as repeatedly practicing maneuvers. Graduating, he was promoted to corporal on May 8, and assigned to Escadrille MS.3 at Vauciennes. Flying a Morane-Saulnier L two-seat monoplane, Guynemer took off on his first mission on June 10 with Private Jean Guerder as his observer. On July 19, Guynemer and Gueder scored their first victory when they downed a German Aviatik and received the Mà ©daille Militaire. Georges Guynemer - Becoming an Ace: Transitioning to the Nieuport 10 and then the Nieuport 11, Guynemer continued to have success and became an ace on February 3, 1916, when he downed two German aircraft. Dubbing his aircraft Le Vieux Charles (Old Charles) in reference to a well-liked former member of the squadron, Guynemer was wounded in the arm and face on March 13 by fragments of his windscreen. Sent home to recover, he was promoted to second lieutenant on April 12. Returning to action in mid-1916, he was given a new Nieuport 17. Picking up where he left off, he raised his tally to 14 by late August. In early September, Guynemers squadron, by now redesignated Escadrille N.3, became one of the first units to get the new SPAD VII fighter. Immediately taking to the aircraft, Guynemer downed an Aviatik C.II over Hyencourt two days after receiving his new fighter. On September 23, he downed two more enemy aircraft (plus an unconfirmed third), but was struck by friendly anti-aircraft fire while returning to base. Forced to make a crash landing, he credited the SPADs sturdiness for saving him on impact. All told, Guynemer was downed seven times during his career. An ace of considerable renown, Guynemer used his position to work with SPAD on improving their fighters. This led to refinements in the SPAD VII and the development of its successor the SPAD XIII. Guynemer also suggested altering the SPAD VII to accommodate a cannon. The result was the SPAD XII, a larger version of the VII, which featured a 37mm cannon firing through the propeller shaft. While SPAD finished the XII, Guynemer continued flying over the trenches with great success. Promoted to lieutenant on December 31, 1916, he finished the year with 25 kills. Fighting on through the spring, Guynemer managed a triple kill on March 16, before bettering this feat with a quadruple kill on May 25. That June, Guynemer engaged the famous ace Ernst Udet, but let him go in a sign of knightly chivalry when the Germans guns jammed. In July, Guynemer finally received his SPAD XII. Dubbing the cannon-equipped fighter his Magic Machine, he scored two confirmed kills with the 37mm cannon. Taking a few days to visit his family that month, he rebuffed his fathers pleas to move into a training position with the Aviation Militaire. Georges Guynemer - National Hero: Scoring his 50th kill on July 28, Guynemer became the toast of France and a national hero. Despite his success in the SPAD XII, he abandoned it for the SPAD XIII in August and resumed his aerial success scoring a victory on the 20th. His 53rd overall, it was to be his last. Taking off on September 11, Guynemer and Sub-Lieutenant Benjamin Bozon-Verduraz attacked a German two-seater northeast of Ypres. After diving on the enemy, Bozon-Verduraz spotted a flight of eight German fighters. Evading them, he went in search of Guynemer, but never found him. Returning to the airfield, he asked if Guynemer had returned but was told that he had not. Listed as missing in action for a month, Guynemers death was finally confirmed by the Germans who stated that a sergeant in the 413th Regiment found and identified the pilots body. His remains were never recovered as an artillery barrage forced the Germans back and destroyed the crash site. The sergeant reported that Guynemer had been shot in the head and that his leg was broken. Lieutenant Kurt Wissemann of Jasta 3 was officially credited with bringing down the French ace. Guynemers total of 53 kills allowed him to finish as Frances second-highest scoring ace of World War I behind Renà © Fonck who downed 75 enemy aircraft. Selected Sources First World War: Georges GuynemerAce Pilots: Georges GuynemerHistorynet: Georges Guynemer

The discovery of the circadian photoreceptor Assignment

The discovery of the circadian photoreceptor - Assignment Example mid-1990s to the discovery of a new molecule known as the Cryptochrome that showed a close relation to photolyases in the bacteria cells (Nicolas and Sassone-Corsi, 60). Cryptochrome genes cry1 and cry2 coded for universal proteins, CRY 1 and CRY 2 found in almost all the kingdoms of the living organisms (Nicolas and Sassone-Corsi, 60). These proteins activated the light sensitive cofactors and cells that make the photoreceptor cells to detect light in rhythmic manner. They also act as DNA repair enzymes in case of any damage from light related radiations such as the UV light (Robert , Lucas et al, 505). The unearthing of the molecules would then give clue to the discovery of the cells of the circadian photoreceptors. Consequently, this followed the exhumation of most of the photoreceptive cells that respond to the 24- hour clock in the first quarter of 1900s (Martha , Spoelstra and Roenneberg, 931). These special cells, found to be containing a pigment known as melanopsin, would lat er acquire different names including intrinsically photosensitive Retinal Ganglion Cells (ipRGC) (Howard, Herbin and Nevo, 156). This was many decades later after the discovery of the rods and cons in the mammalian eye, making the ipRGC a new element at the time. Much of the changes in the findings into these cells did not accrue until around the year 1990s, the same time that research on the circadian molecules was very active. However slow in their activities, they were solely responsible for the change in the rhythmic day and light cycles (Martha , Spoelstra and Roenneberg, 932). In addition, the pigments have recently been active even without the presence of cones and rods thereby helping the individual to detect the slightest changes of light and darkness. Actually, the detection of... The discovery of the circadian photoreceptor The gene coding for these photoreceptors were detected by breeding of bean plant under two different conditions, of long periods and short periods. Unfortunately, the light and dark periods were not considered, therefore the experiment would prove disastrous to deal with especially in conducting the genetic analysis. Following a long struggle over many decades’ scientists in due course were able to detect some of the genes responsible for coding of these circadian rhythmic proteins. At around 1970s, the knowledge of mutagenesis would act as the focal point to the first discovery of these genes, which later would attain the name ‘clock genes’ in the Drosophila melanogaster fly.This improved the prospects of the eventual discovery of the photoreceptor cells and their molecular make up. Later on, there was an increase in the discovery of many other genes coding for the circadian rhythm from several plant as well as animal families. At around 1980s, scientists discove red a gene called HY4 that they thought was solely responsible for the blue light detection in Arabidopsis thaliana plant. More experiments conducted found out its homology in mammals and their effects attributed to the functions of photolyases. The discovery towards circadian photoreceptor proved to be challenging and deceptive over a long period. Scientists would stumble at many molecules and pigments such as the HY4 genes and the cones and rods before coming into the right conclusions. Earlier on, the cones and rods were thought to be the only cells in control for the photo-transduction in the retina of the eye.

Comprehensive Annual Fnancial Report Briefing Essay

Comprehensive Annual Fnancial Report Briefing - Essay Example As a result, they have to invest more in marketing because that is the component that will help the companies to boost their profits. On the other hand, the governmental organizations usually deal more on assisting citizens of the country. That means that the efforts of the government are usually towards helping the citizens of the country as opposed to making profits. Therefore most of the services that are offered by the government are usually subsidized and that will help to ensure that the poor and needy people in the community get access to the most essential facilities. The main sources of government revenue include fines that are collected, licenses, and donations. That means that any government facility that is available doe not majorly deal on the issue of making profit but basically charges a small fee for the facilities to be able to sustain their most essential needs (Martin, 2000). The other differences include the following, the owners of the government facilities is th e public whereas for profit corporations are owned by shareholders. The decision is made by the shareholder of the company whereas the decision for governmental facilities is made by the people that have been elected by the public as their representatives. The government facilities do not aim at making profits while the for-profit corporations usually aim at making of profits. ... es Notes of financial statements The statements that are prepared by for profit organizations include; Balance sheet Income statement Statement of cash flows Statement of stockholder’s equity Notes of financial statements The source of revenues for the government include the following Donor contributions Fines Taxes Levies Investment income Grants Source of income for the for profit business include the following Sales of merchandise Fees for services Investment income Gains on investments MD and A This should introduce financial statements that are basic and give an overview that is analytical in regard to the activities of the government. The MD & A usually provides a financial manager with a good opportunity to present both long and short term analysis of the activities that regard the operations of the government. The process should; provide an n analysis that is objective and easily read in regard to governmental activities. It should also include analysis that shows year ly performance. The analysis should show the yearly source of income for the government, the usage of funds by the various governmental bodies, the way the funds were distributed and any amounts that were left as surplus. This process will ensure that there is accountability in the government and that the fund that is associated with the public is appropriated well so as to ensure that there is no instance of fund misappropriations. The MD&A usually focus primarily on the government. The comments that are found in the MD&A should be able to distinguish between information hat regards the different components of the government and the primary government working and the primary government. The e outline of the MD&A 1. Brief description of financial statements. The description should include