Are there differences in the types of dreams that occur at different Essay

Are there differences in the types of dreams that occur at different times & Describe how sleep changes during the course of one night - Essay Example Polysomnography reveals a 50% drop in activity between alertness and phase 1 sleep. The eyes are shut during phase 1 sleep, but if woken up from it, then an individual might feel as if they have not slept yet. Stage 1 might last between 5 to 10 minutes (Harris 23). Stage 2 is a time of light sleep where polysomnographic readings portray irregular peaks and valleys, or negative and positive waves (Harris 24). These waves show spontaneous phases of muscle tone joined with phases of muscle relaxation. Muscle tone of this type can be witnessed in other phases of sleep as a response to audio stimuli (Jung 53). The heart deep slows, plus body temperature goes up. At this stage, the body gets ready to go into a deep sleep. These stages are deep sleep phases, with Stage 3 being less intense compared to Stage 4. These stages are referred to as delta or slow-wave sleep (Harris 24). In slow-wave sleep, particularly during Phase 4, the electromyogram records sluggish waves of high amplitude, showing a pattern of rhythmic continuity and deep sleep (Harris 24 and Jung 54). The time of non-REM sleep, abbreviated as NREM, comprises of phases 1 to 4 and lasts between 90 minutes to two hours, each phases lasting roughly five to 15 minutes (Harris 25). However, surprisingly enough, phase 2 and phase 3 reiterate backwards prior to attaining REM sleep. Thus, a normal sleep sequence has this pattern: waking, stage 1 to 4, and then back to 2 via 3, REM. In essence, REM sleep takes place just 90 minutes following sleep onset (Harris 25). REM sleep is discernible from NREM sleep through transformations in physiological states, including its distinguishing fast eye movements (Harris 25). Nevertheless, polysomnograms reveal wave patterns in REM similar as the ones in phase 1 sleep (Jung 57). During normal sleep (in individuals missing disorders of wake-sleep patterns or REM behaviour disorder), respiration and heart rate accelerate and become irregular, whereas the legs,

Philosophy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 25

Philosophy - Essay Example , the nature of reality is a weave of material and immaterial realm in a spectrum of paradox that is meaningful not only because of its pragmatic value, but also because of its significance and worth in our quest for truth and meaning. The nature of human knowledge is the basis or source of human knowledge which deals with the questions what do you know? How do you know? And how do you know that you know? Being such, the nature of human knowledge is a blend between rationalism, which asserts that knowledge is gained by relying on reason alone as it provides us with clear and distinct ideas. While, empiricism affirms that knowledge is attained through experience (Velasquez 353). This blend attests to the notion that the nature of human knowledge is such that it necessitates the use of both reason and experience. This is necessary as both reason and experience provide the solid basis with which persons avers what they claim they know. Science is one of the tools that allow human beings to understand the rudiments of physical nature. At the same time, it affords us a means with which something real can be ascertained. However, as science tries in providing frameworks with which physical nature is known and is understood, what cannot be underscored is the fact that science is hounded by the bias and leanings of its players. As such, putting into question the concepts and frameworks of science itself since it is claimed that new beliefs or new systems are made to fit existing scientific paradigms (Velasquez 454). In this regard, the question pertinent to the limits of science points not on what physical nature holds but on the limits of the human players of science. What is the good life?  This question has haunted philosophers since the ancient period. Looking at it from the perspective of Ethics, the good life may be reached by reflecting on one’s own personal moral standards or the moral standards of the society where one belongs. However, as one reflects on